What makes it a Tensile Structure – and not just a tent?
by on 23rd June 2025
Tensile Fabric Architecture
To the casual observer, a tensile structure might look a lot like a very well-designed tent. Both use fabric, both are held under tension, and both can span large areas without internal columns. But architecturally and structurally, they are very different creatures.
So what actually separates a tensile membrane structure from a tent?
Let’s break it down—not in jargon, but in practical terms rooted in engineering.
At the heart of every tensile structure is its defining feature: the reliance on tension as the primary load-bearing force. Unlike conventional buildings that use rigid materials to resist loads through compression and bending, tensile structures rely entirely on the equilibrium of forces within a flexible membrane. The fabric is not simply stretched into place—it is precisely tensioned to achieve a stable, engineered form.
While tents also use tension, the comparison stops there. Tents are designed for portability, short-term use, and low load demands. Tensile structures, by contrast, are permanent architectural elements, engineered to resist wind, snow, and other environmental loads over decades. Want examples of that engineering in action? Check out our Tensile Engineering Services page.
One of the key distinctions lies in the materials used. Tensile membrane structures employ high-performance architectural fabrics such as PTFE-coated glass fibre and PVC-coated polyester, which are specifically engineered for structural use. These materials are tested for their long-term performance under tension, resistance to UV degradation, fire behaviour, and ability to withstand environmental stress over 25 to 50 years.
Tent fabric, on the other hand, is lightweight, often low-cost, and designed for temporary or recreational use. It simply doesn’t offer the durability, strength, or compliance with building regulations that architectural membranes provide. For more about our material options and testing benchmarks, head over to our Materials & Testing section.
Designing a tensile membrane structure is not a matter of stretching fabric over a frame. It’s a discipline in its own right, involving a process known as form finding. Using advanced software and engineering principles, we determine the exact shape a membrane must take to remain in equilibrium under tension.
Because fabric can’t resist compression, the structure must adopt forms that are inherently stable under tension—usually curved, saddle-shaped or conic geometries. These aren’t arbitrary or aesthetic choices; they’re essential for the membrane to perform structurally. You can’t simply ‘design a flat roof’ out of fabric—it won’t hold its shape or carry the loads. Learn more about the art of form-finding, design & analysis here.
Tensile structures are buildings in every sense—and as such, they are subject to the same engineering scrutiny as any conventional build. Structural engineers model these systems using finite element analysis (FEA), accounting for wind loads, snow accumulation, live loads, seismic forces, and even long-term fabric creep.
The results must meet building regulations and international codes. Wind uplift calculations, prestress distribution, load path redundancy, and anchorage integrity are all part of the process. Tents simply aren’t engineered to this level of performance—or permanence. Browse some of our completed projects with full compliance documentation in our Project Case Studies.
The fabrication process of a tensile structure is highly precise. We pattern the fabric using data from digital form-finding models, accounting for the material’s stretch characteristics in two directions (biaxial behaviour). It’s then cut and welded with minimal tolerance for error.
During installation, the membrane is tensioned in a carefully sequenced process to achieve its final form. This is done using calibrated rigging systems and pre-determined prestress values—not ropes and stakes. For insight into our fabrication standards, visit our Fabrication & Installation pages.
Tensile structures are not stand-alone elements. They’re integrated into their surrounding architecture, working in harmony with steel or aluminium support systems, cable networks, drainage systems, lighting, and even acoustic treatments.
They’re found in permanent settings such as airport terminals, sports stadiums, transport canopies, and public plazas. Their purpose isn’t just to provide shelter—it’s to enhance the built environment, both functionally and aesthetically. See how we’ve integrated these systems in real-world projects via our Projects gallery.
The difference isn’t just one of scale, quality, or longevity—it’s philosophical. A tent is a temporary shelter. A tensile structure is a piece of architecture—composed of carefully engineered form, materials, and performance criteria. Tensile structures are designed for endurance, precision, and performance. They don’t just look spectacular—they behave predictably, meet rigorous safety standards, and contribute meaningfully to the architectural landscape.
At Architen Landrell, we’ve spent over two decades designing and delivering tensile membrane structures for complex, high‑profile projects worldwide. We know that while these structures may look effortless, the science and precision behind them is anything but.
So next time someone says, “Isn’t that just a tent?”—you’ll know there’s a lot more going on beneath the surface. Explore our complete range of services or get in touch.
